Amalga Composites, Inc. -- Material Properties

Material Properties
Filament Wound Composite Structures

Textbook Definition:
A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them.

Practical Definition:
A versatile solution to today's design problems.
Amalga Composites offers a variety of light weight and high strength structures that can solve your design challenges.
A wide variety of properties can be achieved through proper selection of fiber type, fiber orientation and resin matrix of the composite structure required for your application. Strong and stiff fibers carry the load imposed on the composite while the resin matrix distributes the load across the fibers.

Resin Matrix
Amalga Composites has the technical background and experience to engineer a variety of resin systems for filament wound thermoset plastics.

The proven composite structures described on this page have been fabricated with anhydride cured epoxy systems.

Anhydride cured epoxy systems offer the following advantages: high strength/stiffness properties, low shrinkage, excellent corrosion resistance, impact and abrasion resistance.

Typical room temperature properties of the unfilled anhydride cured epoxy resin system.
Tensile Strength, psi	12,300
Tensile Modulus, psi x 10⁵	450,000
Elongation %	6%
Flexural Strength, psi	12,000
Flexural Modulus, psi x 10⁵	425,000
Heat Distortion Temperature	265^o
Service Temperature	255^oF or 325^oF

Fiber Types
In the composite industry, over 90% of all fibers used are glass. Electrical or E-glass is the most commonly used and most economical glass fiber while structural or S-type glass has slightly higher strength and corrosion resistance. Advanced fibers such as carbon and Kevlar exhibit higher tensile strengths and stiffness than glass fibers. Due to the higher costs of these fibers, they are typically reserved for applications demanding exceptional performance.

Typical room temperature properties of E-glass, S-glass and commercial carbon fibers.
Properties	E-glass	S-glass	Commercial Carbon
Tensile Strength, psi	500	665	650
Young's Modulus, psi x 10⁶	11.8	12.9	34.0
Elongation %	4.8	5.7	1.9
Volume Resistivity Ohm Mx10¹⁵	0.402	0.905	conductive
Dielectric Strength V/mil	262	330	conductive
Dissipation Factor @ 60Hz	0.003	0.013	conductive

Fiber Orientation
Orientation is the basis of fiber architecture of the composite structure. Orientation refers to the fiber direction in the laminate - typically near parallel (15°) to circumferential (85°) to the centerline of the part. Combining various fiber orientations with the available resins and fiber types creates a wide range of structural properties that can be manufactured by Amalga Composites.

Based on over forty years of successful product development, Amalga offers standard laminate constructions for the most common applications.

Custom design of laminates incorporating complex fiber orientation, hybrid fibers, and exotic resins are available for your most demanding applications.

Amalga Composites has the expertise to combine fiber type, fiber orientation and resin matrix to create a filament wound structure that is lightweight, superior in strength and stiffness, and corrosion, impact and abrasion resistant.

BEAM STRUCTURES
Built for maximum stiffness.

Material Properties	E-Glass	Commercial Carbon	High Modulus Carbon	Applications
Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 10⁶ x psi	5.5	14.0	21.0	PROCESS ROLLERS BOOMS MASTS BEAMS COLUMNS HIGH STIFFNESS CORES
Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 10⁶ x psi	1.1	5.0	7.5
Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi	115,000	130,000	130,000
Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi	N/A	36,000	36,000
Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi	5,000	130,000	130,000
Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi	26,000	50,000	50,000
Shear Modulus, psi x 10⁶	1.0	1.8	2.2
Shear Strength, psi	8,000	8,000	8,000
CTE Circumferential, in/in/^oF x 10⁶	8.6	7.1	6.4
CTE Longitudinal, in/in/^oF x 10⁶	4.8	0.17	-43.6
Poisson's ratio, Nuxy	0.27	0.24	0.69
Density, Lb/in³	0.072	0.058	0.058

TORQUE APPLICATIONS
Built for maximum torque transmission

Material Properties	E-Glass	Commercial Carbon	Applications
Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 10⁶ x psi	2.7	3.0	AUTOMOTIVE DRIVE SHAFTS MARINE DRIVE SHAFTS COOLING TOWER DRIVE SHAFTS COUPLINGS UNDERWATER HOUSINGS
Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 10⁶ x psi	2.7	3.0
Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi	22,000	20,000
Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi	22,000	20,000
Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi	26,000	23,000
Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi	26,000	23,000
Shear Modulus, psi x 10⁶	1.8	5.5
Shear Strength, psi	8,000	8,000
CTE Circumferential, in/in/^oF x 10⁶	6.4	1.1
CTE Longitudinal, in/in/^oF x 10⁶	6.4	1.1
Poisson's ratio, Nuxy	0.47	0.7
Density, Lb/in³	0.072	0.058

BLACK AMALGON ®
Built for maximum internal pressure under a compressive load.

Material Properties	E-Glass	Commercial Carbon	Applications
Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 10⁶ x psi	1.3	2.5	PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS VALVE ACTUATORS PUMP HOUSINGS MARINE CYLINDERS
Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 10⁶ x psi	3.6	8.7
Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi	16,000	12,000
Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi	40,000	58,000
Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi	27,000	37,000
Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi	37,000	35,000
Shear Modulus, psi x 10⁶	0.8	0.8
Shear Strength, psi	8,000	8,000
CTE Circumferential, in/in/^oF x 10^-6	4.6	-0.81
CTE Longitudinal, in/in/^oF x 10^-6	8.8	4.4
Poisson's ratio, Nuxy	0.35	0.43
Density, Lb/in³	0.072	0.058

CLEAR FIBERGLASS TUBING
General purpose fiberglass epoxy tubing.

Material Properties	E-Glass	Applications
Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 10⁶ x psi	1.3	STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS MRI COIL FORMS CORES CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS RADOMES
Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 10⁶ x psi	3.6
Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi	16,000
Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi	40,000
Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi	27,000
Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi	37,000
Shear Modulus, psi x 10⁶	0.8
Shear Strength, psi	8,000
CTE Circumferential, in/in/^oF x 10^-6	4.6
CTE Longitudinal, in/in/^oF x 10^-6	8.8
Poisson's ratio, Nuxy	0.35
Density, Lb/in³	0.072

OVERWRAP REINFORCEMENTS
Additional strength from over wrapping.

Material Properties	E-Glass	Commercial Carbon	Applications
Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 10⁶ x psi	1.2	1.3	HIGH SPEED ROTORS REINFORCED TANKS ANTI-CORROSION COVERS CATHODES IMPACT PROTECTION
Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 10⁶ x psi	8.0	19.0
Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi	5,000	6,000
Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi	210,000	210,000
Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi	17,000	35,000
Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi	138,000	185,000
Shear Modulus, psi x 10⁶	0.8	1.0
Shear Strength, psi	8,000	8,000
CTE Circumferential, in/in/^oF x 10^-6	3.7	-0.09
CTE Longitudinal, in/in/^oF x 10^-6	13.3	11.9
Poisson's ratio, Nuxy	0.08	0.02
Density, Lb/in³	0.072	0.058

ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS
Choose from fiber orientations listed on this page for mechanical properties.

Electrical Properties.....................................................E-glass
Dissipation Factor..............0.015 max
Power Factor 1MHz (ASTM D 150-64T)........60 cps  0.30%
                                                                     ............1 mc  0.15%
Dielectric Strength (ASTM D 149-61)
     Short Term Perpendicular Volts/mil @ 60 Hz........500.00
     Step by Step Perpendicular Volts/mil @ 60 Hz.....400.00
Dielectric Constant (ASTM D 150-64T)  .....60 cps.......4.70
                                                                       .........1 mc......4.50
Arc Resistance (ASTM 495-61)............................150.00 sec
Insulation Resistance (ASTM 257-61)
     96 HRS @ 35_C 2 x 107 meg ohms..................90.00% RH
Water Absorption 24 hrs.......................................0.01% max
Thermal Conductivity BTU/in/hr/ft2/^oF..........................2.50

Applications

FUSES

LIGHTNING
ARRESTORS

INSULATED
HOUSINGS

INSULATED
BUSHINGS

The Composite Professionals at Amalga Composites

are ready to answer all of your questions, contact us!