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Material Properties
Filament Wound Composite Structures
Textbook Definition:
A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them.
Practical Definition:
A versatile solution to today's design problems.
Amalga Composites offers a variety of light weight and high strength structures that can solve your design challenges.
A wide variety of properties can be achieved through proper selection of fiber type, fiber orientation and resin matrix of the composite structure required for your application. Strong and stiff fibers carry the load imposed on the composite while the resin matrix distributes the load across the fibers.
Resin Matrix
Amalga Composites has the technical background and experience to engineer a variety of resin systems for filament wound thermoset plastics.
The proven composite structures described on this page have been fabricated with anhydride cured epoxy systems.
Anhydride cured epoxy systems offer the following advantages: high strength/stiffness properties, low shrinkage, excellent corrosion resistance, impact and abrasion resistance.
| Typical room temperature properties of the unfilled anhydride cured epoxy resin system. |
| Tensile Strength, psi | 12,300 |
| Tensile Modulus, psi x 105 | 450,000 |
| Elongation % | 6% |
| Flexural Strength, psi | 12,000 |
| Flexural Modulus, psi x 105 | 425,000 |
| Heat Distortion Temperature | 265o |
| Service Temperature | 255oF or 325oF |
Fiber Types
In the composite industry, over 90% of all fibers used are glass. Electrical or E-glass is the most commonly used and most economical glass fiber while structural or S-type glass has slightly higher strength and corrosion resistance. Advanced fibers such as carbon and Kevlar exhibit higher tensile strengths and stiffness than glass fibers. Due to the higher costs of these fibers, they are typically reserved for applications demanding exceptional performance.
Typical room temperature properties of E-glass,
S-glass and commercial carbon fibers. |
| Properties | E-glass | S-glass | Commercial Carbon |
| Tensile Strength, psi | 500 | 665 | 650 |
| Young's Modulus, psi x 106 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 34.0 |
| Elongation % | 4.8 | 5.7 | 1.9 |
| Volume Resistivity Ohm Mx1015 | 0.402 | 0.905 | conductive |
| Dielectric Strength V/mil | 262 | 330 | conductive |
| Dissipation Factor @ 60Hz | 0.003 | 0.013 | conductive |
Fiber Orientation
Orientation is the basis of fiber architecture of the composite structure. Orientation refers to the fiber direction in the laminate - typically near parallel (15°) to circumferential (85°) to the centerline of the part. Combining various fiber orientations with the available resins and fiber types creates a wide range of structural properties that can be manufactured by Amalga Composites.
Based on over forty years of successful product development, Amalga offers standard laminate constructions for the most common applications.
Custom design of laminates incorporating complex fiber orientation, hybrid fibers, and exotic resins are available for your most demanding applications.
Amalga Composites has the expertise to combine fiber type, fiber orientation and resin matrix to create a filament wound structure that is lightweight, superior in strength and stiffness, and corrosion, impact and abrasion resistant.
BEAM STRUCTURES
Built for maximum stiffness.
| Material Properties | E-Glass | Commercial
Carbon | High Modulus
Carbon | Applications |
| Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 106 x psi | 5.5 | 14.0 | 21.0 | PROCESS ROLLERS
BOOMS
MASTS
BEAMS
COLUMNS
HIGH STIFFNESS CORES |
| Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 106 x psi | 1.1 | 5.0 | 7.5 |
| Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi | 115,000 | 130,000 | 130,000 |
| Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi | N/A | 36,000 | 36,000 |
| Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi | 5,000 | 130,000 | 130,000 |
| Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi | 26,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 |
| Shear Modulus, psi x 106 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
| Shear Strength, psi | 8,000 | 8,000 | 8,000 |
| CTE Circumferential, in/in/oF x 106 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 6.4 |
| CTE Longitudinal, in/in/oF x 106 | 4.8 | 0.17 | -43.6 |
| Poisson's ratio, Nuxy | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.69 |
| Density, Lb/in3 | 0.072 | 0.058 | 0.058 |
TORQUE APPLICATIONS
Built for maximum torque transmission
| Material Properties | E-Glass | Commercial
Carbon | Applications |
| Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 106 x psi | 2.7 | 3.0 | AUTOMOTIVE
DRIVE SHAFTS
MARINE
DRIVE SHAFTS
COOLING
TOWER
DRIVE SHAFTS
COUPLINGS
UNDERWATER
HOUSINGS
|
| Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 106 x psi | 2.7 | 3.0 |
| Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi | 22,000 | 20,000 |
| Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi | 22,000 | 20,000 |
| Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi | 26,000 | 23,000 |
| Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi | 26,000 | 23,000 |
| Shear Modulus, psi x 106 | 1.8 | 5.5 |
| Shear Strength, psi | 8,000 | 8,000 |
| CTE Circumferential, in/in/oF x 106 | 6.4 | 1.1 |
| CTE Longitudinal, in/in/oF x 106 | 6.4 | 1.1 |
| Poisson's ratio, Nuxy | 0.47 | 0.7 |
| Density, Lb/in3 | 0.072 | 0.058 |
BLACK AMALGON ®
Built for maximum internal pressure under a compressive load.
| Material Properties | E-Glass | Commercial
Carbon | Applications |
| Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 106 x psi | 1.3 | 2.5 | PNEUMATIC
& HYDRAULIC
CYLINDERS
VALVE
ACTUATORS
PUMP
HOUSINGS
MARINE
CYLINDERS
|
| Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 106 x psi | 3.6 | 8.7 |
| Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi | 16,000 | 12,000 |
| Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi | 40,000 | 58,000 |
| Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi | 27,000 | 37,000 |
| Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi | 37,000 | 35,000 |
| Shear Modulus, psi x 106 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Shear Strength, psi | 8,000 | 8,000 |
| CTE Circumferential, in/in/oF x 10-6 | 4.6 | -0.81 |
| CTE Longitudinal, in/in/oF x 10-6 | 8.8 | 4.4 |
| Poisson's ratio, Nuxy | 0.35 | 0.43 |
| Density, Lb/in3 | 0.072 | 0.058 |
FIBERGLASS EPOXY TUBING (CL)
General purpose fiberglass epoxy tubing.
| Material Properties |
E-Glass |
Applications |
| Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 106 x psi |
1.3 |
STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS
MRI COIL
FORMS
CORES
CRYOGENIC
APPLICATIONS
RADOMES |
| Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 106 x psi |
3.6 |
| Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi |
16,000 |
| Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi |
40,000 |
| Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi |
27,000 |
| Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi |
37,000 |
| Shear Modulus, psi x 106 |
0.8 |
| Shear Strength, psi |
8,000 |
| CTE Circumferential, in/in/oF x 10-6 |
4.6 |
| CTE Longitudinal, in/in/oF x 10-6 |
8.8 |
| Poisson's ratio, Nuxy |
0.35 |
| Density, Lb/in3 |
0.072 |
OVERWRAP REINFORCEMENTS
Additional strength from over wrapping.
| Material Properties | E-Glass | Commercial
Carbon | Applications |
| Flexural Modulus Longitudinal, 106 x psi | 1.2 | 1.3 | HIGH SPEED
ROTORS
REINFORCED
TANKS
ANTI-CORROSION
COVERS
CATHODES
IMPACT
PROTECTION |
| Flexural Modulus Circumferential, 106 x psi | 8.0 | 19.0 |
| Tensile Strength Longitudinal, psi | 5,000 | 6,000 |
| Tensile Strength Circumferential, psi | 210,000 | 210,000 |
| Compressive Strength Longitudinal, psi | 17,000 | 35,000 |
| Compressive Strength Circumferential, psi | 138,000 | 185,000 |
| Shear Modulus, psi x 106 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Shear Strength, psi | 8,000 | 8,000 |
| CTE Circumferential, in/in/oF x 10-6 | 3.7 | -0.09 |
| CTE Longitudinal, in/in/oF x 10-6 | 13.3 | 11.9 |
| Poisson's ratio, Nuxy | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| Density, Lb/in3 | 0.072 | 0.058 |
ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS
Choose from fiber orientations listed on this page for mechanical properties.
Electrical Properties.....................................................E-glass
Dissipation Factor..............0.015 max
Power Factor 1MHz (ASTM D 150-64T)........60 cps 0.30%
............1 mc 0.15%
Dielectric Strength (ASTM D 149-61)
Short Term Perpendicular Volts/mil @ 60 Hz........500.00
Step by Step Perpendicular Volts/mil @ 60 Hz.....400.00
Dielectric Constant (ASTM D 150-64T) .....60 cps.......4.70
.........1 mc......4.50
Arc Resistance (ASTM 495-61)............................150.00 sec
Insulation Resistance (ASTM 257-61)
96 HRS @ 35_C 2 x 107 meg ohms..................90.00% RH
Water Absorption 24 hrs.......................................0.01% max
Thermal Conductivity BTU/in/hr/ft2/oF..........................2.50 | Applications |
FUSES
LIGHTNING
ARRESTORS
INSULATED
HOUSINGS
INSULATED
BUSHINGS |
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